African Society and Culture
Northern and southern parts of Africa were owned by deserts, while the eastern side was involved in a tropical climate, home to the Great Rift Valley, and the western side was involved in the grasslands and tropical forests. Most African societies were matrilineal, mother's lineage, and lived in rural villages with their extended families. Children were educated by their mothers until they got older. Once in their teenage years, the boys learned from their fathers and the girls from their mothers. Most Africans shared the same religious belief and customs until the Islam challenge their point of view. Africans' artistic actions, like sculpting, acrving, painting, dancing, ..., mostly served as for religious purposes.
Kingdoms and States of Africa
The Ghana Empire was encountered with an abundant amount of gold, which they used for trading with North African merchants. Berbers and their camels were crucial to accomplish the trading routes through the Sahara Desert. Sundiata Keita established the kingdom of Mali, extending all the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the city of Timbuktu. Mansa Musa was able to double Mali's size by setting a central government and establishing libraries in Timbuktu making it an intellectual and cultural capital. Kingdom of Songhai rose because of its location near trade routes. migration of the Bantu created a spread from South to East Africa their language, agricultural skills, and ironworking. East Africa being located near the Indian Ocean established Muslim trades and settlers. In southern Africa, Zimbabwe turned into the most powerful independent village, state.
The People of North America and Mesoamerica
Early people's culture in eastern North America was influenced by their environment, turned to full time framing. The Maya civilizations consisted on city-states. And their social structure was formed by the ruling class, nobles and scribes, and peasants and townspeople.Spiritual perspective was of main importance to the Mayas, and they city state rulers claimed to be descended from the gods. The Mayas were able to create a 365 day year calendar. The Toltec influenced new technologies in architecture and metalwork. The Aztecs formed an alliance with Tetzcoco and Tlacopan expanding the Aztec empire into what is today, Mexico. The Aztec's belief system consisted in the belief of the good and evil power sources in the universe.
Early South American Civilizations
The Nazca culture preserved dome aspects of the Chavin culture. The Nazca's drew designs of humans and animals on the ground known as the Nazca Lines. The Moche civilization was formed near the coast of modern day Ecuador. The Inca ruler, Pachacuti, created an empire built on war. The Inca empire had a high structured political system, at the top being the emperor. They carried very complex engineering projects for their economical and political advantages. Road construction allowed an extensive trade. And the Incas made sure to keep detailed information despite their lack of language.
Objectives:
1. How did Islam interrupt the African societies?
2. How and why did the berbers cross the Sahara desert?
3. How did Zimbabwe become so powerful?
4. How was the Maya calendar created?
5. How did Africans communicate with each other?
1. How did Islam interrupt the African societies?
2. How and why did the berbers cross the Sahara desert?
3. How did Zimbabwe become so powerful?
4. How was the Maya calendar created?
5. How did Africans communicate with each other?
Videos:
Chapter 13- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZFoUGmReNI
Chapter 14- (0:00- 2:02) http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-inca-civilization-pre-columbian-south-america.html
Chapter 13- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZFoUGmReNI
Chapter 14- (0:00- 2:02) http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-inca-civilization-pre-columbian-south-america.html
Works Cited:
http://www.mapsofantiquity.com/store/Africa_General/Comparative_Geographical_and_Statistical_Map_of_South_America_and_Africa,_presenting_a_view_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean./inventory.pl?id=WOR100#.WQK9uVPyvq0
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-colonial/1972
http://www.angelfire.com/hero/incawebsitejjc2a/nieuwe_pagina_8.htm
http://www.mapsofantiquity.com/store/Africa_General/Comparative_Geographical_and_Statistical_Map_of_South_America_and_Africa,_presenting_a_view_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean./inventory.pl?id=WOR100#.WQK9uVPyvq0
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-colonial/1972
http://www.angelfire.com/hero/incawebsitejjc2a/nieuwe_pagina_8.htm